Evolution as a method of solving technical problems

The idea to use the mechanisms of natural selection in the field of technical design was first proposed half a century ago. Since then, scientists have achieved considerable success.

Biological evolution and mechanisms of natural selection proved to be an extremely effective tool for the adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions. Polar bear superbly adapted to cold Arctic, horned viper - to the heat of the Sahara desert. Half a century ago, at the dawn of the computer era, programmers had the idea to try to apply the laws discovered by Darwin, to solve technical problems. Thus was born the evolutionary algorithms. On the current state of affairs in the field of genetic programming and evolutionary strategies can be found by visiting the last international conference in Amsterdam GECCO (Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference).

Versions of the technical solutions mate and produce offspring

In the struggle for existence, survival of the fittest - so how nature. But this does not necessarily mean physical force. The strongest - and this may be the highest or the squat, the heaviest or lightest, most fat or skinny, the fastest or the most sluggish, and the most cunning or the most clever ... It all depends on the conditions in which the body has put the external environment.

On the same principles built and evolutionary modeling, but here are fighting for survival are not animals in the wild, and the technical solutions in the computer. For example, different nozzle design of the engine. Mark Harman (Mark Harman), a professor of computer science at University College London, explains: "We usually start modeling with a random set of solutions a technical problem. Just as in nature, making our choices can mate and produce offspring, some of the descendants of may not be perfect parents. As soon as the generations pass, can crystallize one or two successful solutions. When it comes to the engine nozzle, it can be design to ensure a higher degree of compression of fuel. Our program they have more chances to give birth . "

Optimization of technical solutions is itself

The selection criteria is set, of course, people. This may be, for example, the efficiency of the nozzle: from the most efficient design survive and the less effective die and withdrawn computer. And a few hundred generations later the computer if you are lucky, may suddenly give out an optimized version of the jets - an option that could never have imagined living design engineer. Professor Harman explains, "The great advantage of evolutionary algorithms is that successful solutions crystallize themselves. We do not know exactly how it is born or that decision, we can only conclude that it is indeed better than others. And all the work is done for us evolution . "

It is clear that the possibilities of this method are not limitless. Depending on the complexity of the problem, computer modeling based on evolutionary algorithms may require many weeks of computer time, he says: "It took billions of years of evolution to the fact that life has evolved from bacteria to humans. But we certainly can not wait that long. Therefore, we start modeling, usually try to set a good starting position. Figuratively speaking, our evolution begins not with the bacteria, and a monkey. "

Index - to set the boundary conditions

It takes on special significance skill of the programmer and his sense of proportion, if he asks too vague, uncertain boundary conditions, the digital evolution can take too much time, but if the conditions are too narrow and rigid, evolution can and does "not go". According to Professor Harman, the method was already quite widespread among engineers, especially in solving optimization problems. But after a few years of evolutionary algorithms may be of interest and software developers, said the scientist, "One idea that seems to me very interesting, is that these algorithms can detect and even self-correct errors in the program - and at the same time, when the program is running. So far, however, this idea is at an early stage of development, but in two years it will hopefully be possible to implement in practice. "

Perhaps in the near future, connected to the charger overnight smartphone will be able to independently verify the compatibility of the next update of the operating system with installed applications. And in the case of conflict notify the owner, and even better - just adapt the new version of the operating system to existing applications.

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In China, rescuers freed a child who stuck his head between the bars skyscraper

In the Chinese province of Hubei rescuers freed a girl who is stuck between the window bars of high-rise home.

As it turned out, the baby was left alone at home and tried to get out. When the girl prolazit through the window bars of her head stuck between the bars.

As a result, the girl stood at the window for several hours, and it all happened at an altitude of about 70 meters.

Firefighters rescued a child who came to have cut the bars.

We note that a similar incident occurred in China in May this year. Six year old girl during a game head stuck between two walls. Three hours later, the girl managed to free the firefighters who used lubricating oils and carefully remove the tile from the walls.

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American after losing consciousness began to speak Swedish and can not remember the ex-wives

American Michael Boatwright after the loss of consciousness experienced amnesia, reports the Associated Press.

After nearly five months after the incident, Boatwright says his name is Jonas Eck, only speaks Swedish, speaks to reporters through an interpreter.

61-year-old man found unconscious on February 28 in a motel room in Palm Springs. Presumably, Boatwright arrived at the tennis tournament. When it discovered the sports equipment and proof of identity.

When the hospital Boatwright came to, he began to speak Swedish and did not recognize his own face in the mirror. He was diagnosed with transient global amnesia.

The agency said that after the incident Boatwright lost not only the memory, but also professional skills. The last four months he was in hospital. A man can not learn English, and he did not remember any of my friends and relatives, including two ex-wives.

About Botrayte known that he was in Sweden from time to time from 1981 to 2003. His Swedish friends describe him as an American who was interested in medieval history and jousting. We also know that from 1971 to 1973, he served in the Navy aviation mechanic. In the U.S., Boatwright worked 3D-designer, as he spent 10 years teaching English in Japan and 4 years - in China.

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The USA is divided because of the justification Zimmerman

In the United States are spreading the protests against the acquittal George Zimmerman, who shot a dark-skinned teenager Trayvon Martin. According to Zimmerman, he did it in self-defense.

According to Zimmerman, he did it in self-defense. According to Zimmerman, he did it in self-defense.

However, many believe that the court sided with the killers because it is a dark-skinned, and not respecting the laws that allow shooting in self-defense.

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At the crash site of a Proton rocket fragments have collected

At the crash site of the carrier rocket Proton-M completed work on the collection and identification of all fragments of the spacecraft, the press service of the Kazakh space agency Kazkosmos.

The report says that after identifying fragments were delivered to one of the sites of the Baikonur Cosmodrome.

According to the report, at the launch site and work is continuing to assess and deal with the accident. In particular, it is about detoxifying the rest of the territory of the fall of Proton.

"The total area to be treated with a solution of 13100 square meters. Ten days after detoxification additional samples will be taken to control the determination of the components of rocket fuel in the soil," - said the agency.

Earlier, the Interfax news agency, citing a source close to the commission investigating the causes of the accident, reported that the accident occurred Proton-M with the following error when building the rocket. As the source said, while assembling the rocket incorrectly connected sensors, confusing the poles.

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In Ireland may allow abortion "to save lives"

The Lower House of the Irish Parliament has decided to allow abortion under certain circumstances.

In particular, abortion should be allowed if the woman's life is in danger. Among the possible threats to the life of women parliamentarians included and suicide.

Discussion of the law has caused sharp debate in predominantly Catholic Ireland. The impetus for the adoption decision was the case when the woman died, where doctors refused to have an abortion, citing the ban.

The law will come into force unless it is approved and the upper house of parliament.

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In Cyprus, found a city that was founded more than three and a half thousand years ago

In Cyprus, archaeologists discovered the city, which dates back to the 16th century BC. The find was made near the airport of Larnaca Swedish archaeologists from the University of Gothenburg.

As described in the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus at the beginning of the 12th century BC the city was destroyed.

The find was made by using ground penetrating radar. Archaeologists have discovered the place of production of copper, where there were copper ore and pounds of copper oxides, found the remains of furnaces and apparatus for circulating the air. Ores, slag and stored in pits.

Archaeologists have also found pottery, bronze objects and two cylinder seals engraved with: one of three warriors, while the other warrior or a hunter with a deer and a tree. Ceramics indicate that the burial appeared for 100-200 years before it was discovered the residents of the ancient city.

And in a residential part of the city made an important discovery - a well-preserved Mycenaean pottery imported from mainland Greece and the islands of the Aegean Sea, the pots from the eastern Mediterranean.

Approximately 50 meters west of the copper production found a paved road width of 10 meters.

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